Apparatus for the production of lead pigments.



J W. BAILEY. APPARATUSIOR THE. PRODUCTION 0? LEAD PIGMENTS. 12211101111011 mm) 111111.12, 1909. nmmwnn NOV. 14, 1911.

Patented July 2, 1912.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

w. BAILEY, or NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T INTERNATIONAL LEAD COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION 0]? LEAD PIGMENTS.

Patented July 2, 1912.

Applicationfiled utjgh 12, 1909, Serial No. 482,965. Renewed November 14, 1911. Serial No. 660,307.

To all whom itfmay concern:

. Be it known that I, JOHN vW. BAILEY, .of ew York, in the county of New York and In the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for the Production of Lead Pigments, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description ,My'invention relates especially to an improvement in'apparatus for the production of lead oxids and white lead.

e object of my invention is to provide anl apparatus for the production of lead oxids and white lead which is exceedingly rapid and which results in a product having, properties ,hitherto unattainable. The

. white-lead produced by my apparatus has a greater weight compared with the amount of lead contained within it than the white lead made by former apparatus. The white lead pro duced by my apparatus is also distinctive because of its great covering power.

Hitherto lead oxids preparatory to the production of white lead therefrom, have roduced either by methods involvi-ng tlih use of reverberatory furnaces or furnaces of a similar character, or they have been made by a slow process of attrition under a body of water and an oxidation of the comminuted lead in the presence of oxygen orzair." Usually in the latter processit "is necessary to use compressed air to-prevent the process from occupying an interminable period of: timer The former method has many. disadvantages, amou -which are the great expens'einvolved, owing to the neces ,sity'ofmploying skilled labor to operate the furnaces,and .the dangerto the health ofthe employees. The latter method is very disadvantageous,- as it requires, a long pe riodof time to effect the comminution and oxidation ofthelead, and is, consequently, extremely expensive. if;r-rthermore, by the .latter method lead sub-oxid ormonoxid or a mixture of oxids merely is formed, the process not bein' capable of such a control as-to result in t 'eproduction of eitherthe exceedingly short, space of time. The prod monoxid or dioxid'ias'desired. My apparatus, on theothervhand, effects-the produotion of oxidss-of-leadand white lead 111 an nets are, furthermore, formed in a single -machinew'hich is adaptedto operate cons. tinuously and requires very little attentlon.

.c'aping from the drum, the latter is some of the water is decomposed, giving up oxygen to the lead.

I have shown one embodiment of my inventlon in the accompanying drawings, in which i Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same; Fig. 3 is an end elevation thereof; and Fig. 4 isan elevation of a detail. I

Referring to the drawings, 1 is a rotary drum which may be divided longitudinally into two portions 2 and 3 of semi-circular cross-section. The portions 2 and 3 are bolted together by means of flanges 4 and 5 and bolts 6. The drum 1 is divided into a plurality of chambers 7, 8 and 9 by means of transverse partitions 9"and 10. In order to revent the liquids and solids from esrovided with two conical heads 11, each aving a shield plate 12 therein. The conical heads 11 and shield plates 12 are provided with, centrally located a ertures 13 and 14 for the passage ofa sha t 15. The shaft 15 is supported in journal bearings '16 carried by standards 17. Within each of the coni' cal heads of the drum the shaft 15 carries a guard 18 to revent the escape of the materials and their reaching the journal bearings 16. Inlet pipes 18 and 19 project into the drum at the inlet-end thereof through the apertures 13 and 14, for the purposeof feeding lead and watrr to the apparatus. The shaft 15 carr es a plural ty of arms 20 of diamond-shaped crosssectmn and made of phosphor bronze located in the chambers 7 2 8 and 9.

. The partitionsfl and 10 contain-ports 21 and 22 having uwshaped plates 23 and 24 over the same so as to ermit the materials to flow only in one direction. The ports 21 and 22 are provided with wire gauze 25 and 26, to 7 unit the passage of particles of oxid ofon y a certain fineness. The gauze 25-up'on'theport 21 is of a coarser mesh, howeventhan the v 22, so as to cause e oxid pass'mg through auze'26 upon the port 35 has located upon its periphery a pair of anfloating box'contains a chain 37 for removthe apparatus to become progressively finer. Provision is also made for controlling the size of the ports 21 and 22 by locating over the same slide valves 27 and 28, controlled respectively by handles 29 and 30 located on the outside of the drum. The partitions 9 and 10 are provided with centrally lo cated apertures 31 and 32 for the pass-age of the shaft 15. The conical head 11 at the outlet end of the cylinder is provided with a valved outlet pipe 33 discharging into a pipe 34, leading to a floating box 36. The

ing any non-floatable solids and discharging the same through an outlet 38 for returning the same to the drum for further treatment, and another outlet pipe 39 for carrying off the fioatable solids and water to a plurality of settling tanks 40 and 41. A- plurality of settling boxes are provided so that-the material being discharged can be diverted from one box to another, while the material in one of the boxes is being allowed to settle to separate the oxid.

The chambers 7, 8 and9 are provided with outlet pipes 42, 43 and 44 to discharge the contents when the apparatus is to be cleaned or supplied with'an entirely new body of material. f I

The interior of the drum is lined with copper or brass sheathing 45. On the interior of the drumthere are situated a number of ribs or buckets 46 for raising the stock from the bottom. of the drum and showering the same upon the rotating arms 20. The drum nular tracks 47, which run upon rollers 48, to permit the rotation of the drum. An annular gear 49 is also attached to the outside of the drum in such a manner as to mesh with a gear 50 carried by a shaft 51 which is positively driven from a pulley 52. Suit-1 able power connections are made with the pulley 52 to positively rotate the drum at the rate of approximately twenty revolutions per minute. Attached to the shaft 15 there is also a pulley 53 for positively driving the same at a speed of approximately seven hundred revolutions per minute.

For the purposeof feeding carbon dioxid to the apparatus when it is desired to complete'the production of white lead in this machine, the shaft 15 is provided with a passage 54 connecting at one end with the cen-- tral chamber 8 and at the other with a pipe 55 projecting into the end of the shaft through .a stutfing box 56 upon the end of the shaft. The iZIQDSfOIIIIZLtlOII Of the lead oxid intowhit-e lead may, however, if desired, be carried out in another apparatus.

In the operation of the machine, a quantity of water and granulated or comminuted lead is fed into the chamber 7 through pipes 18' and 19.' The drum 1 and shaft 20 are then rotated. The. liquid thus introduced into the recep acle 7 is re eatedly raised b means of the ribs or buckets 46 and repeatedly showered upon the rotating arms 20. The arms 20 because of theirbeveled edges strike the falling particles of lead suspended in moist air glancing blows of terrific force. The particles upon being struck areusually again projected against other moving arms, where they {are subjected to a like action.

a result, the particles of lead are sublead rapidly-unite with the nascent oxygen I and oxygen of the air contained within the chamber, thus producing an oxid of lead.

If the arms 20 are rotated at a comparatively slow speed and a comparatively short period of time lead mono'xid is produced, while, if the arms are driven at a much higher speed and for a longer period of time, lead dioxid results, it being thus entirely within the con: trol of the operator .as to which -oxid is obtained. Any particles of lead or water which may reach the shields 12 or guards 18, are thrown outwardly against the conical heads 11 by centrifugal force and returned to the chamber 7 The supporting of the drum 1 inde ndently of the shafts 15, so that the sha ts15 pass freely through openings provided in the ends of the drum, is an important feature of my invention, inasmuch as were the drum to be supported from the shaft in any other manner it would be a matter of a very short while before the drum would be stopped by the lead which would accumulate in the bearings. a When the particles of lead have become sufliciently comminutedand a sufficient body of liquid has been conveyed into the interior of the chamber 7, said lead particles pass through the screen 26, together with a portion of the bodyof water, and escape from beneath. the late 23 into the succeeding chamber 8. T e'liquids and solids are passed from one chamber to the other around the' U-shaped lates 23 and 24 by the s lashing which is e ected by the arms 20. T e shape and location of these plates is such as to cause the liquids and solids to be forced only From this chamber the particles of lead and lead oxid are subjected in one direction.

to the same treatment which they have received in the chamber 7. As a result, the particles are further comminuted and oxidized in a similar manner. When the'pau ticleshave become comminuted sutliciently,

they. together with a portion of the body of water in the chamber 8, pass through the chamber-.9. Here they are again subjected to thesame treatmeutl \Vl1en the oxidationis "completed, the lead and water in this chamber are permitted to escape through the outlet pipe 33' into the'floating box 36 where any lighter solids are separated and the heavy metallic solids and liquid are dis charged into one or the other of the settling tanks 40' and 41, to separate the oxids front fineness and-devices permittin-gjthe passa e the liquid;

If desired, an oxidizing agent may be used to assist in the oxidation of the lead.

' In case the apparatus is used for the productionof white lead, the machine is operated in exactly the. same manner as above described until the desired ox-id is formed. Carbon dioxid and'a suitable acid, if desired, is then led into chamber 8 through passage 54 and pipe 55, whence it spreads throughout the entire machine. Because of the peculiar fineness of the oxids pro duced by my apparatus, the latter combine with the carbon dioxid with extreme rapidity, without the necessity of any artificial pressure, and in a remarkably short space oft-ime the completed product can be discharged from the outlet pipe 33. tobe dried and further refined in the usual manner.

.lVhile I. have described my invention above in detail, I wish it to be understood that many changes might be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention. Among other chan es that might be made, the partitions may be ispensed with entirely and the machine operated for a red'etermined period of time for the production of any particular oxid, or for the transformation of a particular oxid into white lead. Again, in certain instances it might be-found desirable to change the direction of rotation of the arms or to maintain either the drum or the arms stationary while the arms or drum are rotated.

I claim v 1. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, means for rotating the same, said drum containing a transverse partition permitting the passage of materials in one direction only.

2. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, means .for rotating the same, said drum tontaining a transverse partition permitting the passage of materials in one direction only, and one or more arms on either side of said partition within the drum.

3. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, and means for rotating the same, said drum containing a number of transverse partitions provided with ports and devices permitting the passage of materials in one direction only.

4. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, and means for rotating the same, said drumcontainin a number of transverse partitions proyided with screened ports and devices permitting the passage of materials in one directidn only. y p

5. Ina device of the character describdt the combination of a dru'm,'and means for rotating the same, said drum" containin a number of transverse partitionsprovieed with ports having"scr eens of jprogress jte of materials'in one direction only." w 6. In a device of the characterdesi'zribed the combination of a drum,"mea'ns forrotating the same, said drum' ontaining'fitt 30 number of transverse partitionsr'provided with ports anddevices permitting the pas sage of materials in onedirection only, and a plurality of rotary arms in said drum. 'j 7. In a device of the character described, 5 the combination of a drum, means for r'o tating the same, said drum containingwa number of transverse partitions provided with screened ports and devices permitting the passage of materials in one direction only, and a plurality of rotaryarms' in said drum. i

8. In a device of the character described, the combination ofa drum, means for rotat ing the same, said drum containin a'numf" her of transverse partitions provi ed with ports having screens of progressive fineness and devices permitting the passage of ma-" terials in one direction only, and, a plurality of rotary arms in saiddrum. v 1Q0 9. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum with an opening in its end adapted to contain a body of.=- liquid having a" rib or bucket upon its inner] face, a rod-like arm in said dru m and' means for rotating the drum and arm relatively to? each other. I 4 10. In a device of the character described the combination of a drum with an ope ing in its end and adapted to contain body of liquid, having one or more ribs in bucket's upon its inner face, means for rotating the drum, a plurality of rod-like arms in said drum and means for rotatingthearms and the drum at different speeds.

11. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, means for rotating the same, a conical head upon 'said drum having an opening at its apex and'a shaft passing through said opening without 12 touching theconical head and carrying arms rotatable relatively to said drum. 12. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, means for rotating the same, a conical head upon said drum having an opening at its apex, ashaft passing through said 0 ening. without touching 'the conical head and carrying g head, said shaft being rotatable relatively to p thrdugh said opening without touching the head.

. 14. In a device of the character described,

the combination of adrum, means for rotating the same, a head upon said drurihaving an opening therein, ashield plate attached to' said head, a shaft passing through said opening without touching the head, and one or more feed pipes in said opening.

'15. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, means for rotating the same, a head upon said drum having an opening therein, a shield plate attached to said head, a shaft passing through said opening Without touching the head, and a guard attached to said shaft be fore said opening and near the head.

16. In a device. of the character described, the.combination of a drum, means for rotating the same, a head upon said drum having an opening therein, a shaft passing through said opening Without touching the head, and

a guard located in the drum before said opening.

1 7. In a device of the character described, the combination of a device for producing lead pigments, a discharge pipe connected thereto, a settling tank communicating with said'discharge pipe, and a float box connected to said settling tank.

18'. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, a head upon said drum having an aperture therein, and a horizontal shaft passing into said drum through said aperture without touching the the drum, but being carried in bearings at a distance from the plane of said drum head.

l9.- In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum, a head upon said drum having an aperture therein, a horizontal shaft passing into said drum vided longitudinally to permit the removal of the shaft and arms. I

21. In a device of the character e'scribed, the combination of a drum llaVfIi a plurality of partitions therein, a shaft passing through the same, and a plurality of arms upon the shaft, the drum being divided longitudinally to permit the removal of the shaft and arms.

22. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum having a plurality of transverse partitions therein, a

shaft passing through the same, and a plurality of arms upon the shaft, the drum being divided longitudinally to permit the removal of the shaft and arms.

23. In a device of the character described,

the combinationof a drum, a head upon said drum having an aperture therein and a shaft passing into said drum through said aperture Without closing said aperture, and Without being connected to the drum said shaft being rotatable relatively to the drum but being carried in bearings outside of the drum, and at a distance from the plane of said drum head.

24. In a device of the character described, the combination of a drum with an opening in its end adapted to contain a body of liquid, having a rib or bucket upon itsinner face, a rod-like arm in said drum and means for producing a relative rotation of the drum and arm.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN BAILEY. 

